Structure and evolution of the Ivy protein family, unexpected lysozyme inhibitors in Gram-negative bacteria.

A New Family of Lysozyme Inhibitors Contributing to Lysozyme Tolerance in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Lysozymes are ancient and important components of the innate immune system of animals that hydrolyze peptidoglycan, the major bacterial cell wall polymer. Bacteria engaging in commensal or pathogenic interactions with an animal host have evolved various strategies to evade this bactericidal enzyme, one recently proposed strategy being the production of lysozyme inhibitors. We here report the di...

Role of Lysozyme Inhibitors in the Virulence of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Lysozymes are key effectors of the animal innate immunity system that kill bacteria by hydrolyzing peptidoglycan, their major cell wall constituent. Recently, specific inhibitors of the three major lysozyme families occuring in the animal kingdom (c-, g- and i-type) have been discovered in Gram-negative bacteria, and it has been proposed that these may help bacteria to evade lysozyme mediated l...

The effect of whey protein-based edible coating containing natamycin and lysozyme-xanthan gum conjugate on the shelf life of ultrafiltrated white cheese

The effect of whey protein concentrate based edible coating incorporating different concentrations of natamycin and lysozyme-xanthan gum conjugate on ultrafiltrated white cheese shelf life was investigated. Escherichia coli O157: H7 (as an indicator for gram negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus (as an indicator of gram-positive bacteria), and Penicillium chrysogenum (as a mold) were inocul...

Inhibition of Membrane-bound Lytic Transglycosylase A by Inhibitors of Vertebrate Lysozyme P1 and P2

Inhibition of Membrane-bound Lytic Transglycosylase A by Inhibitors of Vertebrate Lysozyme P1 and P2 Iris Selander Advisor: University of Guelph, 2014 Dr. Anthony J. Clarke The proteinaceous inhibitors of vertebrate lysozyme (Ivy) p1 and p2 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa are two putative inhibitors of lytic transglycosylase (LT). The LTs are bacterial enzymes essential for the cleavage of glycosid...

Cell Envelope Structure and Functions in Gram-negative Bacteria